Giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

Mệnh đề quan hệ dùng để giải thích rõ hơn về danh từ đứng trước nó. Tuy nhiên việc đặt vị trí giới từ như thế nào so với mệnh đề quan hệ cũng sẽ ảnh hưởng đến tính trang trọng của toàn bộ câu đấy. Mời bạn đọc theo dõi cách dùng Mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ dưới đây.

1. Giới từ sau động từ 

Đặt giới từ ngay sau động từ là cách thành lập câu đơn giản, phổ biến và có thể được sử dụng rộng rãi trong nhiều ngữ cảnh khác nhau. 

E.g: 

• He is the person (whom) I fell in love with.
• The shop (which) you told me about is closed.
• The place (that) we learned about was Africa. 

Lưu ý: 

• Whom (cho người) và Which (cho vật) là hai đại từ quan hệ duy nhất có giới từ đi kèm.
• Tuy nhiên khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ thì ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ hoặc dùng That thay thế cho Whom và Which trong MĐQH xác định.

2. Giới từ trước đại từ quan hệ 

Trong IELTS Writing, tính trang trọng là một yếu tố rất cần thiết bởi nó sẽ giúp lời văn của bạn trở nên học thuật và phù hợp với tiêu chí của bài thi. Việc đưa giới từ lên trước đại từ quan hệ chính là chìa khoá giúp biến đổi câu bình thường thành câu văn trang trọng hơn rất nhiều. 

• He is the person (whom) I fell in love with.

→ He is the person with whom I fell in love. (Anh ấy là người mà tôi yêu).

• The shop (which) you told me about is closed.

→ The shop about which you told me is closed. (Cửa hàng mà bạn kể cho tôi đã đóng cửa rồi).

• The place (that) we learned about was Africa. 

→ The place about which we learned was in Africa. (Nơi mà chúng ta học về là ở Châu Phi).

Lưu ý: Trong trường hợp này, Whom và Which không thể bị thay thế bằng That.

3. Cách dùng của các cấu trúc mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ: 

Ngoài ra, các lượng từ như all, most, none, neither, any, either, some, (a) few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much,… sẽ được lồng ghép vào mệnh đề quan hệ theo cấu trúc: 

E.g: 

• I have two sisters, both of whom are students. (Tôi có hai người chị, cả hai đều là sinh viên).
• He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer. (Anh ấy hỏi tôi rất nhiều câu hỏi, hầu hết trong số đó tôi không thể trả lời).
• Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers. (Daisy có ba anh em, tất cả họ đều là giáo viên).
• My mother tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her. (Mẹ tôi đã mặc thử ba chiếc váy, nhưng không chiếc nào vừa với bà ấy).

4. Bài tập vận dụng

A. Join the sentences by changing the second of each pair into a relative clause

1. That’s the ship. We travelled on it.

_________________________________________

2. That’s the type of sport. I know nothing about it.

_________________________________________

3. Here is the address. You should write to this address.

_________________________________________

4. The book belongs to me. You were looking at it just now.

_________________________________________

5. I couldn’t recognize the house. He lived in it.

_________________________________________

6. A travel agency has booked the hotel. Jim is going to stay in it.

_________________________________________

7. Those are the boys. Michael is hiding from them.

_________________________________________

8. He didn’t get the job. He applied for it.

_________________________________________

9. I wasn’t interested in the things. They were talking about them.

_________________________________________

10. I don’t know the boy. They went with him.

_________________________________________

11. The people are very nice. I work with them.

_________________________________________

12. What’s the music? You are listening to it.

_________________________________________

13. I found the book. He has been looking for it.

_________________________________________

14. The yellow car is my car. Everybody is looking at it.

_________________________________________

B. Complete each sentence using in, with, under, without, for, at + relative pronoun (which or whom)

1. My girlfriend, …………. I waited at the airport, arrived late.
2. The Browns, ……… she has quarrelled, are rather envious people.
3. The house ……….. Copernicus was born is now a museum.
4. Fortunately she had satellite navigation, ……….. she would have got lost.
5. The woman ………I was smiling was very pretty.
6. The tree ……… they had their picnic was the largest in the garden.

Answer Key

A.

1. That’s the ship on which we travelled.
2. That’s the type of sport about which I know nothing.
3. Here is the address to which you should write.
4. The book at which you were looking just now belongs to me.
5. I couldn’t recognise the house in which he lived.
6. A travel agency has booked the hotel in which Jim is going to stay.
7. Those are the boys from whom Michael is hiding.
8. He didn’t get the job for which he applied.
9. I wasn’t interested in the things about which they were talking.
10. I don’t know the boy with whom they went.
11. The people with whom I work are very nice.
12. What’s the music to which you are listening?
13. I found the book for which he has been looking.
14. The yellow car at which everybody is looking is my car.

B.

1. My girlfriend, for whom I waited at the airport, arrived late.
2. The Browns, with whom she has quarrelled, are rather envious people.
3. The house in which Copernicus was born is now a museum.
4. Fortunately she had satellite navigation, without which she would have got lost.
5. The woman at whom I was smiling was very pretty.
6. The tree under which they had their picnic was the largest in the garden.

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