Lý thuyết và Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 có đáp án

Với bài viết ngày hôm nay, Trung tâm luyện thi IELTS Vietop xin gửi đến các bạn phần tóm tắt kiến thức về the Conditional Sentences Type 3 – câu điều kiện loại 3, một trong 3 câu điều kiện quan trọng trong chương trình ngữ pháp tiếng Anh.

Hãy cùng chúng mình hệ thống lại về định nghĩa, công thức và cách sử dụng, cũng như làm một số bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 có đáp án dưới đây nhé!

Tổng quan về câu điều kiện loại 3

Định nghĩa về câu điều kiện

Ngữ pháp tiếng Anh bao gồm 3 loại câu điều kiện chính. Câu điều kiện được sử dụng để nêu lên một giả thiết về một sự việc chỉ có thể xảy ra khi điều kiện được nói đến xảy ra. 

Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần:

• Mệnh đề điều kiện, còn gọi là mệnh đề IF (nếu)
• Mệnh đề kết quả là mệnh đề chính (thì)

E.g.: If the weather is good, our crops will flourish. (Nếu thời tiết thuận lợi, mùa màng của chúng ta sẽ sinh sôi nảy nở.)

→ Ta thấy If the weather is good nêu lên điều kiện, đây là mệnh đề IF (nếu)

→ Và our crops will flourish chỉ kết quả nên là mệnh đề chính

Chú ý: Hai mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đổi chỗ cho nhau. 

Nếu mệnh đề chính đứng trước thì giữa hai mệnh đề không cần dấu phẩy, ngược lại thì phải có dấu phẩy ở giữa.

E.g.: If the weather is good, our crops will flourish. → Our crops will flourish if the weather is good.

Câu điều kiện loại 3 trong tiếng Anh

Câu điều kiện chia làm 3 loại chính.

• Loại thứ nhất (Conditional Sentences Type 1): điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
• Loại thứ hai (Conditional Sentences Type 2): điều kiện không, chưa thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
• Loại thứ ba (Conditional Sentences Type 3): điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ, bày tỏ sự hối tiếc

Trong bài viết lần này, Vietop mời các bạn điểm qua về Conditional Sentences Type 3 – câu điều kiện loại 3 trong tiếng Anh.

Khái niệm	Câu điều kiện loại 3 câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ. Loại câu này chỉ ra một giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ, do đó thường mang tính chất hối tiếc, ước muốn điều gì đó đáng lẽ nên xảy ra. Tuy nhiên, ta cũng có thể dùng nó với mục đích “cảm thấy may mắn” vì điều gì đó đã không xảy ra ở quá khứ.
Công thức	If + S + had (not) + V-ed/V3, S + would/could/should (not)…+ have + V-ed/V3 E.g.: If you had worked harder, you would have passed the exam. (Nếu bạn đã học chăm chỉ hơn, bạn đã vượt qua được kỳ thi rồi.) S + would/could/should (not)…+ have + V-ed/V3 if + S + had (not) + V-ed/V3. E.g.: You would have passed the exam if you had worked harder. (Lẽ ra bạn đã vượt qua được kỳ thi nếu bạn đã học chăm chỉ hơn.)
Lưu ý	Trong câu điều kiện loại 3, động từ của mệnh đề điều kiện chia ở quá khứ hoàn thành, còn động từ của mệnh đề chính chia ở điều kiện hoàn thành (Perfect Conditional).

Ngoài ra, bạn còn có thể sử dụng câu điều kiện loại 3 với công thức đảo ngữ sau:

Had + S + V-ed/V3, S + would (not) have V-ed/V3

E.g.: Had I known that it was her birthday, I would have bought her a present. (Tôi mà biết hôm đó là sinh nhật cô ấy, thì tôi đã mua quà cho cô ấy rồi.)

= If I knew that it was her birthday, I would have bought her a present.

= I would have bought her a present if I knew that it was her birthday.

Xem thêm các dạng ngữ pháp:

• Thì hiện tại đơn
• Thì quá khứ đơn
• Bảng chữ cái tiếng Anh

Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 có đáp án

Bài 1: Choose the correct option

1. If we had closed/closed/have closed the window yesterday, it would not have been/were not /had not been so cold in here.
2. If the lady have not stopped/had not stopped/has not stopped the boy, he could have ran/would have run/has run into the van.
3. The dog had not attacked/would not have attacked/will not attack you if you    hadn’t teased/had not tease/have not teased him.
4. If they had buyed/had bought/has bought a new tent, they would not got/had not gotten/might not have gotten wet during the night.
5. The computer had not crashed/crashed not/might not have crashed so often if Larry tested/had tested/have tested it.
6. If she told/had told/tells me, I will collect/would collect/would have collected her from the airport.
7. Your friends hadn’t laughed/wouldn’t have laughed/won’t laugh at you if you    have combed/’d combed/’s combed your hair.
8. If the men had recharged/’d recharge/recharged the batteries, they will have had /would have had/would had enough power for their laptops.
9. He ‘d have caught/would caught/should caught the plane if he has hurried/’d hurried/’d have hurried.
10. If you turned/’d turned/have turned down the volume of your stereo, the neighbours would not have complained.

Bài 2: Put in the correct form using the Conditional Sentences Type 3

1. If you ________ (not / be) late, we ________ (not / miss) the bus.
2. If she ________ (study), she ________ (pass) the exam.
3. If we ________ (arrive) earlier, we ________ (see) John.
4. If they ________ (go) to bed early, they ________ (not / wake) up late.
5. If he ________ (become) a musician, he ________ (record) a CD.
6. If she ________ (go) to art school, she ________ (become) a painter.
7. If I ________ (be) born in a different country, I ________ (learn) to speak a different language.
8. If she ________ (go) to university, she ________ (study) French.
9. If we ________ (not / go) to the party, we ________ (not / meet) them.
10. If he ________ (take) the job, he ________ (not / go) travelling. 

Bài 3: Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps to form a Conditional Sentence Type 3, mind the position of the if-clause.

1. If he ________ (to come) earlier, he ________ (to meet) Anne.
2. The water in the pool ________ (to be) warmer if the sun ________ (to shine) more often.
3. If Betty ________ (to write) more applications, she ________ (to get) an apprenticeship.
4. If I ________ (to see) you, I ________ (to talk) to you.
5. We ________ (to give) the man the documents if we ________ (to know) him.
6. If you ________ (to phone) me, I ________ (to record) the show.
7. They ________ (to understand) the film if they ________ (to read) the book.
8. If the car ________ (to turn) left, the old lady ________ (to cross) the street.
9. If she ________ (to notice) the red traffic light, she ________ (to stop).
10. The boys ________ (to win) the match if they ________ (to train) regularly.

Bài 4: Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps to form a Conditional Sentence Type 3

1. If the weather ___________ (to be) nice, they ___________ (to play) football.
2. If we ___________ (to go) to a good restaurant, we ___________ (to have) a better dinner.
3. If John ___________ (to learn) more words, he ___________ (to write) a good report.
4. If the boys ___________ (to take) the bus to school, they ___________ (to arrive) on time.
5. If the teacher ___________ (to explain) the homework, I ___________ (to do) it.
6. If they ___________ (to wait) for another 10 minutes, they ___________ (to see) the pop star.
7. If the police ___________ (to come) earlier, they ___________ (to arrest) the burglar.
8. If you ___________ (to buy) fresh green vegetables, your salad ___________ (to taste) better.
9. If Alex ___________ (to ask) me, I ___________ (to email) the documents.
10. If he ___________ (to speak) more slowly, Peggy ___________ (to understand) him.

Bài 5: Complete the Conditional Sentences Type 3 by putting the verbs into the correct form

1. If you (study) ___________ for the test, you (pass) ___________ it.
2. If you (ask) ___________ me, I (help) ___________ you.
3. If we (go) ___________ to the cinema yesterday, we (see) ___________ my friend Jacob.
4. If you (speak) ___________ English, she (understand) ___________.
5. If they (listen) ___________ to me, we (be) ___________ home earlier.
6. I (write) ___________ you a postcard if I (have) ___________ your address.
7. If I (not / break) ___________ my leg, I (take part) ___________ in the contest.
8. If it (not/ start) ___________ to rain, we (walk) ___________ to the museum.
9. We (swim) ___________ in the sea if there (not / be) ___________ so many sharks there.
10. If she (take) ___________ the bus, she (not / arrive) ___________ on time.

Đáp án

Bài 1

1. If we had closed the window yesterday, it would not have been so cold here.
2. If the lady had not stopped the boy, he would have run into the van.
3. The dog would not have attacked you if you hadn’t teased him.
4. If they had bought a new tent, they might not have gotten wet during the night.
5. The computer might not have crashed so often if Larry had tested it.
6. If she had told me, I would have collected her from the airport.
7. Your friends wouldn’t have laughed about you if you‘d combed your hair.
8. If the men had recharged the batteries, they would have had enough power for their laptops.
9. He‘d have caught the plane if he‘d hurried.
10. If you‘d turned down the volume of your stereo, the neighbours would not have complained.

Bài 2

1. hadn’t been late – wouldn’t have missed
2. had studied – would have passed
3. had arrived earlier – would have seen
4. had gone to bed early – wouldn’t have woken up
5. had become a musician – would have recorded
6. had gone to art school – would have become
7. had been born –  would have learnt
8. had gone to university – would have studied
9. hadn’t gone to the party – wouldn’t have met
10. had taken the job – wouldn’t have gone

Bài 3

1. If he had come earlier, he would have met Anne.
2. The water in the pool would have been warmer if the sun had shone more often.
3. If Betty had written more applications, she would have got an apprenticeship.
4. If I had seen you, I would have talked to you.
5. We would have given the man the documents if we had known him.
6. If you had phoned me, I would have recorded the show.
7. They would have understood the film if they had read the book.
8. If the car had turned left, the old lady could have crossed the street.
9. If she had noticed the red traffic light, she would have stopped.
10. The boys would have won the match if they had trained regularly.

Bài 4

1. If the weather had been nice, they would have played football.
2. If we had gone to a good restaurant, we would have had a better dinner.
3. If John had learned more words, he would have written a good report.
4. If the boys had taken the bus to school, they would have arrived on time.
5. If the teacher had explained the homework, I would have done it.
6. If they had waited for another 10 minutes, they would have seen the pop star.
7. If the police had come earlier, they would have arrested the burglar.
8. If you had bought fresh green vegetables, your salad would have tasted better.
9. If Alex had asked me, I would have emailed the documents.
10. If he had spoken more slowly, Peggy would have understood him.

Bài 5

1. If you had studied for the test, you would have passed it.
2. If you had asked me, I would have helped you. 
3. If we had gone to the cinema, we would have seen my friend Jacob. 
4. If you had spoken English, she would have understood. 
5. If they had listened to me, we would have been home earlier. 
6. I would have written you a postcard if I had had your address. 
7. If I had not broken my leg, I would have taken part in the contest. 
8. If it had not started to rain, we would have walked to the museum. 
9. We would have swum in the sea if there had not been so many sharks there. 
10. If she had taken the bus, she would not have arrived on time. 

Hy vọng với phần ôn lại kiến thức cũng như hoàn thành các bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3 có đáp án (Conditional Sentences Type 3), Vietop đã giúp các bạn nắm vững hơn cách sử dụng cấu trúc ngữ pháp này trong tiếng Anh. Chúc các bạn học tốt và hãy cùng đón chờ những bài viết tiếp theo từ chúng mình nhé!