Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành trong Tiếng Anh – Past Perfect

Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành

• Dùng để diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc diễn ra trước một hành động, sự việc khác trong quá khứ. Thì quá đơn được sử dụng cho hành động diễn ra sau và thì quá khứ hoàn thành thì được dùng cho hành động diễn ra trước.

Ví dụ:

When I came to the airport, the airplane had taken off

He had left when I visited his family

• Dùng để diễn đạt một sự kiện, hành động diễn ra trước một mốc thời gian cụ thể trong quá khứ.

Ví dụ:

I had come back to my country before Christmas last year

She had gone to hospital before 9 p.m

• Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn đạt một việc không có thực hoặc không thể xảy ra ở quá khứ trong câu điều kiện loại 3

Ví dụ:

If I had studied harder last year, I would have passed the university entrance exam

If she had known I did it for her, she would have forgiven me

• Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn đạt một ước muốn trong quá khứ

I wish I had left this country earlier

I wish I had known her more when we were together

• Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn đạt một hành động là tiền đề bắt buộc cho một hành động khác trong quá khứ

Ví dụ:

I had prepared for the match and actually I played very well

She had lost twenty pounds so she could be a model

Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Câu khẳng định

Ví dụ:

He had submitted his paper before the deadline yesterday

Câu phủ định

Ví dụ:

They hadn’t left when I arrived

Câu nghi vấn

Ví dụ:

Had the match started when you arrived at the stadium?

Dấu hiệu nhận biết

Trong câu sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành thường có các giới từ và liên từ như sau: prior to that time, until then, by, by the time, before, for, after, as soon as, by, by the end of + time in the past

Ví dụ:

By the time I met you, I had been with her for 10 years

Before I got up, he had already left

Bài tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành

Exercise 1:

Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackets.

1. You went to Sue's house, but she wasn't there.

-> (she / go / out) She had gone out

2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn't the same as before.

-> (it / change / a lot) ………………………………………………………………...

3. I invited Rachel to the party, but she couldn't come.

-> (she / arrange / to do something else) …………………………………………......

4. You went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late.

-> (the film I already / start) …………………………………………........................

5. It was nice to see Daniel again after such a long time.

-> (I / not / see / him for five years) …………………………………....................

6. I offered Sue something to eat, but she wasn't hungry.

-> (she / just / have / breakfast) …………………………………...........................

Exercise 2:

For each situation, write a sentence ending with never ... before. Use the verb in brackets.

1. The man sitting next to you on the plane was very nervous. It was his first flight.

-> (fly) He’d never flown before…………………………………...........................

2. Somebody sang a song. I didn't know it.

-> (hear) I…………………………………..............................................................

3. Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn't very good at it because it was his first game.

-> (play) He………………………………..............................................................

4. Last year we went to Mexico. It was our first time there.

-> (be there) We……………………………….......................................................

Exercise 3:

Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect.

1. 'Was Paul at the party when you arrived?' No, he had gone (go) home.

2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I………………..(go) straight to bed.

3. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody ………………..go to bed.

4. Sorry I'm late. The car………………..(break) down on my way here.

5. We were driving along the road when we………………..(see) a car which………………..(break) down, so we………………..(stop) to help.

Đáp án

Exercise 1:

2. It had changed a lot.

3. She'd arranged to do something else. I She had arranged ...

4. The film had already started

5. I hadn't seen him for five years.

6. She'd just had breakfast. I She had just had ...

Exercise 2:

2. I'd never heard it before. I I had never heard ...

3. He'd never played (tennis) before. I He had never played …

4. We'd never been there before. I We had never been …

Exercise 3:

2. Went

3. Had gone

4. Broke

5. saw…had broken…stopped

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